This is the daily classroom agenda for Paxton Center School Grade 7 Science. Lesson plans, homework, and other relevant information will be posted here each class.
Mitosis
Process used by eukaryotic cells to make copies of themselves
used for growth and repair of injury
also a form of asexual reproduction for single cell eukaryotic organisms (amoebas and other protists)
Chromosomes copy during interphase
PMAT
Prophase - chrmosomes appear and nucleus dissolves
metaphase - chromosomes line up
anaphase - spindle fibers seperate chromosoes to opposite sides of cell
telophase - two new nuclei form
Cell divides in cytokinesis.
Produces Diploid cells - cells with full sets (pairs) of chromosomes
Meiosis
Process used to make sex cells
supports sexual reproduction
used by most eukaryotes (but not protists)
similar to mitosis but PMAT happens twice
produces halpoid cells - cells with half the correct number of chromosomes.
Sexual reproduction
Fertilization - sperm and egg combine
Zygote - a fertilized egg
used by animals, all flowering plants, many fungi, others
Chromosomes
Structure made of DNA wound up on proteins
contains genes that control an organisms traits
humans have 23 pairs - 46 total
half from each parent
Key Vocabulary
fertilization - the joining of two sex cells (egg and sperm)
zygote - a fertilized egg
sex cell / haploid cell - cells with half of the normal number of chromosomes,
used for sexual reproduction
sperm - male sex cell
egg - female sex cell
also called gametes
body cell / diploid cell - cells with full sets (pairs) of chromosomes
mitosis - a process that divides the nucleus and produces two daughter cells identical to the parent.
meiosis - a process that divides the nucleus twice and produces four sex cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
sexual reproduction - reproductions where two individuals each combine 1/2 of the chromosomes to make a unique offspring
chromosome - a structure made of DNA wrapped around proteins
gene - sections of the DNA in a chromosome that control a trait (such as eye color)
Quiz Monday
Mitosis makes (body/sex) cells.
These cells are (haploid/diploid).
The cells have (single/pairs) of chromosomes.
Mitosis occurs in (prokaryotic/eukaryotic) organisms.
Daughter cells produced by mitosis are (different/identical) to the parent cell.
Mitosis is used by most organisms for the dual purposes of:
due tomorrow
Due Wednesday
This assignment is (much) too long to complete during a single homeroom study block.
Around the World
Use color
reference this picture
Extra Time? Try this Mitosis identification Practice worksheet.
activity tomorrow
Sexual reproduction
two parents contribute genetic information to create an offspring
sex cells - egg and sperm (female, male)
each carries half of the genetic information needed
fertilization - process of sperm combining with egg
creates a zygote (a fertilized egg)
Sexually reproducing organisms have two categories of cells
body cells (almost all cells in organism)
sex cells (only used for reproduction)
Diploid cells
are body cells
most numerous (by far) in organism
have full set of genetic information
pairs of homologous chromosomes
homologous - similar genes located in similar chromosomes in same location
differ only in the gentic information each gene carries for its trait
ex. an eye color gene might have information for blue, grown, green, etc.
Chromosomes
strings of many genes made of DNA in nucleus
A way to organise the DNA and its genetic information
found in pairs in sexually reproducing organisms
inherited - one from each parent
Each type of organism has a different number of chromosomes
humans - 23 pairs
fruit fly - 4 pars
dog - 39 pairs
fern - 63- pairs
tranferring energy to an object
caused by applying a force through some distance
ex. pushing a table with a force of 100N across a floor 1 meter is work.
potential - stored energy
gravitational - stored by gravity and height
elastic - stored by stretching/compressing certain materials
chemical - stored in bonds between atoms
foods and fuels are sources of chemical potential energy
nuclear - stored in the nucleus of atoms
kinetic - energy of motion
thermal - vibration of atoms in a substance due to temperature
sound - vibration of atoms in air
electric - flow of electric current (electrons) through wires
Mechanical - total of KE and PE in any system of parts
Radiant - light energy, electromagnetic radiation
light (visible, infrared, ultra violet
microwaves
X-rays
radiowaves, etc.
conversion of one form of energy into another.
any form of energy can be transformed into any other - though it may require more than one step.
Kinetic becomes potential when an object increases it’s hight and loses speed.
Potential becomes kinetic when an object loses height and gains speed.
during any energy transformation - the total energy does not change
total energy before the transformation equals the total energy after the transformation
energy is neither created nor destroyed
Basic forms of energy:
potential - stored energy
gravitational - stored by gravity and height
elastic - stored by stretching/compressing certain materials
chemical - stored in bonds between atoms of foods and fuels
nuclear - stored in the nucleus of atoms
kinetic - energy of motion
thermal - vibration of atoms in a substance due to temperature
sound - vibration of atoms in air
electric - flow of electric current (electrons) through wires
Mechanical - total of KE and PE in any system of parts
Radiant - light energy, electromagnetic radiation
light (visible, infrared, ultra violet
microwaves
X-rays
radiowaves, etc.
Energy Transformations
conversion of one form of energy into another.
any form of energy can be transformed into any other - though it may require more than one step.
Conservation of Energy
during any energy transformation - the total energy does not change
total energy before the transformation equals the total energy after the transformation
energy is neither created nor destroyed
Located in GC
Basic forms of energy:
potential - stored energy
gravitational - stored by gravity and height
elastic - stored by stretching/compressing certain materials
chemical - stored in bonds between atoms of foods and fuels
nuclear - stored in the nucleus of atoms
kinetic - energy of motion
thermal - vibration of atoms in a substance due to temperature
sound - vibration of atoms in air
electric - flow of electric current (electrons) through wires
Mechanical - total of KE and PE in any system of parts
Radiant - light energy, electromagnetic radiation
light (visible, infrared, ultra violet
microwaves
X-rays
radiowaves, etc.
Energy Transformations
conversion of one form of energy into another.
any form of energy can be transformed into any other - though it may require more than one step.
Conservation of Energy
during any energy transformation - the total energy does not change
total energy before the transformation equals the total energy after the transformation
energy is neither created nor destroyed
Due Monday.
Work in class on Thursday.
Friday start new unit - Reproduction of Organisms
Energy Notes:
Basic forms of energy:
potential - stored energy
gravitational - stored by gravity and height
elastic - stored by stretching/compressing certain materials
chemical - stored in bonds between atoms of foods and fuels
nuclear - stored in the nucleus of atoms
kinetic - energy of motion
thermal - vibration of atoms in a substance due to temperature
sound - vibration of atoms in air
electric - flow of electric current (electrons) through wires
Mechanical - total of KE and PE in any system of parts
Radiant - light energy, electromagnetic radiation
light (visible, infrared, ultra violet
microwaves
X-rays
radiowaves, etc.
Energy Transformations
conversion of one form of energy into another.
any form of energy can be transformed into any other - though it may require more than one step.
Conservation of Energy
during any energy transformation - the total energy does not change
total energy before the transformation equals the total energy after the transformation
energy is neither created nor destroyed
What form of energy does it have at Point A before it is released?
What energy transformation occurs between point A and point B?
At what point does it have its maximum KE?
At what point does the pendulum have both PE and KE?
Energy Transformations
Conservation of Energy
activity
Read pages 393-397
complete the Energy Transformations Lesson Outline
Read pages 393-397
complete the Energy Transformations Lesson Outline
Keep the grade if you like it….
Use the chapter and a friend to identify these various forms of energy.
